Drs. John and Evelyn Billings, were instrumental in developing the Billings Ovulation Method. This method is a natural family planning technique that helps women understand their fertility cycles, and it has been used widely, including in the work of Mother Teresa with women in India.
Medical disclaimer: this article is informative. Consult your medical doctor in case of problems.
Dr. John Billings (1918–2007) and Dr. Evelyn Billings (1918–2013)
- John Billings: A neurologist by training, Dr. John Billings began researching natural fertility regulation methods in the 1950s. He was initially asked by the Catholic Church to investigate methods that would be consistent with church teachings on birth control. His work led to the development of the Billings Ovulation Method.
- Evelyn Billings: Dr. Evelyn Billings, a pediatrician, worked closely with her husband to refine and promote the Billings Ovulation Method. Together, they provided extensive education and training on the method, helping women understand the natural signs of fertility, such as changes in cervical mucus, to determine when they were most likely to conceive.
The Billings Ovulation Method
- Natural Family Planning: The method focuses on teaching women to recognize the natural signs of fertility throughout their menstrual cycle. Unlike other methods that may require temperature measurements or ovulation kits, the Billings Method relies on the observation of cervical mucus.
- Global Impact: The Billings Method has been taught worldwide and has been particularly valuable in developing countries where access to other forms of family planning might be limited. Mother Teresa’s Missionaries of Charity embraced this method, teaching it to women in the communities they served in India and beyond.
Collaboration with Mother Teresa
Mother Teresa was a strong advocate for natural family planning as a way to empower women and uphold the values of life. The Billings met with her and trained her nuns in the Billings Ovulation Method, which then became a part of the educational programs for women in the areas where the Missionaries of Charity worked.
The work of the Billings had a significant impact on the health and autonomy of women, particularly in communities where resources were scarce, aligning with Mother Teresa’s mission to serve the poorest of the poor.
The Billings Ovulation Method
The Billings Ovulation Method is a natural fertility awareness-based method of family planning that enables women to monitor their fertility cycles. Developed by Drs. John and Evelyn Billings in the 1950s, the method provides a scientific and straightforward approach to understanding the body’s natural signals of fertility, allowing women to achieve or avoid pregnancy without the use of hormonal contraceptives or other medical interventions. This method has gained global recognition and is practiced by millions of women around the world.
Origins and Development of the Billings Ovulation Method
Historical Context
The Billings Ovulation Method was developed at a time when the Catholic Church was actively seeking alternatives to artificial contraception that would be in line with its teachings on the sanctity of life and the natural law. Dr. John Billings, a neurologist, was approached by the Catholic Archdiocese of Melbourne in the 1950s to research natural methods of fertility regulation. He and his wife, Dr. Evelyn Billings, a pediatrician, dedicated their lives to developing and refining the method, which they did through extensive research and clinical trials.
Scientific Foundation
The Billings Ovulation Method is based on the observation of cervical mucus, a natural bodily secretion that changes in consistency and appearance throughout a woman’s menstrual cycle. These changes are directly related to the hormonal fluctuations that regulate ovulation. The method does not require any invasive procedures, drugs, or devices, making it accessible to women in various socioeconomic and cultural contexts.
How the Billings Ovulation Method Works
Understanding the Menstrual Cycle
To understand how the Billings Ovulation Method works, it’s essential to have a basic understanding of the menstrual cycle. The menstrual cycle is divided into several phases:
- Menstrual Phase: This phase begins on the first day of menstruation (the period) and lasts for about 3-7 days.
- Follicular Phase: Following menstruation, the body begins to prepare for ovulation. During this phase, estrogen levels rise, leading to the development of ovarian follicles, one of which will mature into an egg. Cervical mucus begins to appear and changes in consistency as ovulation approaches.
- Ovulation: Ovulation occurs when a mature egg is released from the ovary. This is the most fertile time of the cycle. Cervical mucus is typically clear, stretchy, and resembles raw egg white, which facilitates sperm movement and survival.
- Luteal Phase: After ovulation, the body produces progesterone, which thickens the cervical mucus and forms a barrier that prevents sperm from entering the uterus. If the egg is not fertilized, the cycle ends with the onset of menstruation.
Cervical Mucus Observation
The cornerstone of the Billings Ovulation Method is the observation of cervical mucus. Women using this method are taught to observe and record their cervical mucus daily, noting its consistency, color, and sensation (whether it feels dry, sticky, creamy, or slippery). These observations provide vital information about the woman’s fertile and infertile phases.
- Infertile Phase (Pre-Ovulation): In the days immediately following menstruation, many women experience a “dry” phase, where there is little or no mucus. This indicates a low likelihood of fertility. As the cycle progresses, mucus may begin to appear, but it is often sticky or creamy and does not yet indicate peak fertility.
- Fertile Phase (Ovulation): As ovulation approaches, the mucus becomes more abundant, clear, stretchy, and slippery—often described as resembling raw egg white. This change is a sign that ovulation is imminent, and the woman is in her most fertile phase. This phase typically lasts for a few days.
- Post-Ovulation Infertile Phase: After ovulation, progesterone causes the mucus to become thick and scant, creating a barrier to sperm. This phase continues until the onset of menstruation, signaling the end of the cycle.
Recording and Interpreting Signs
Women practicing the Billings Ovulation Method keep daily records of their mucus observations, which can be done using a simple chart or app. Over time, patterns emerge that allow a woman to accurately identify her fertile and infertile days. This information can be used to either achieve or avoid pregnancy, depending on the couple’s intentions.
How to Use the Billings Ovulation Method
For Achieving Pregnancy
Couples seeking to conceive can use the Billings Ovulation Method to time intercourse during the fertile phase when cervical mucus is at its peak (clear, stretchy, and slippery). Since sperm can survive for several days in fertile mucus, having intercourse during this phase increases the likelihood of fertilization.
For Avoiding Pregnancy
Couples wishing to avoid pregnancy should abstain from intercourse during the fertile phase or use alternative methods of contraception (like condoms) during this time. The Billings Ovulation Method emphasizes the importance of understanding and respecting the natural cycle, making it a highly effective method for those committed to following its guidelines.
Benefits and Effectiveness
Non-Invasive and Cost-Effective
One of the most significant advantages of the Billings Ovulation Method is that it requires no medical interventions, drugs, or devices. It is entirely natural and relies solely on the woman’s ability to observe and interpret her body’s signals. This makes it a cost-effective and accessible option for women everywhere, including in low-resource settings.
Empowering Women
The method empowers women by giving them a deep understanding of their own bodies. It fosters a sense of control and self-awareness that can be beneficial not only for family planning but also for general health and well-being. Women who practice the Billings Ovulation Method often report feeling more in tune with their bodies and more confident in their reproductive health.
High Efficacy with Proper Use
When used correctly, the Billings Ovulation Method is highly effective. Studies have shown that with proper training and diligent practice, the method has a success rate comparable to other forms of contraception. However, like all methods, its effectiveness depends on consistent and correct application.
Challenges and Considerations
Learning Curve
The Billings Ovulation Method requires a learning period during which women become accustomed to observing and interpreting their cervical mucus. For some, this can take a few cycles, and during this time, extra caution is advised if avoiding pregnancy is the goal.
Commitment and Discipline
The method requires a high level of commitment and discipline. Women must be willing to observe and record their mucus daily and make decisions based on these observations. Couples must also be on the same page regarding their fertility goals and be willing to communicate openly about the method and its implications for their relationship.
External Factors
Certain factors, such as stress, illness, or the use of medications, can affect cervical mucus and potentially complicate the interpretation of signs. Women need to be aware of these factors and how they might impact their cycle.
Global Impact and Adoption
The Billings Ovulation Method has been adopted by women and couples worldwide, with particular success in developing countries where access to modern contraceptives may be limited. The method has been promoted by various health organizations and is supported by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a legitimate form of family planning.
Mother Teresa’s Missionaries of Charity were among the method’s most notable proponents, teaching it to women in India and other countries as a means of empowering them to take control of their reproductive health. The Billings also established the World Organisation of the Ovulation Method Billings (WOOMB) to provide training and resources to educators around the world.
Conclusion
The Billings Ovulation Method is a powerful tool for natural family planning that enables women to understand and harness their fertility. It is grounded in scientific observation, is accessible to women of all backgrounds, and fosters a deep connection between a woman and her body. While it requires commitment and education, the benefits of this method are profound, offering a natural, effective, and empowering way to manage fertility. Whether used to achieve or avoid pregnancy, the Billings Ovulation Method stands as a testament to the enduring value of understanding and respecting the natural rhythms of the body.
Billings Ovulation Method Journaling Table
A sample table sheet that can be used for journaling daily observations during one menstrual cycle while using the Billings Ovulation Method. This table helps track various aspects of the cycle, including the type of cervical mucus, any related physical sensations, and additional notes that may influence the observations.
| Day of Cycle | Date | Cervical Mucus Observation | Sensation | Bleeding | Intercourse | Notes |
| 1 | ||||||
| 2 | ||||||
| 3 | ||||||
| 4 | ||||||
| 5 | ||||||
| 6 | ||||||
| 7 | ||||||
| 8 | ||||||
| 9 | ||||||
| 10 | ||||||
| 11 | ||||||
| 12 | ||||||
| 13 | ||||||
| 14 | ||||||
| 15 | ||||||
| 16 | ||||||
| 17 | ||||||
| 18 | ||||||
| 19 | ||||||
| 20 | ||||||
| 21 | ||||||
| 22 | ||||||
| 23 | ||||||
| 24 | ||||||
| 25 | ||||||
| 26 | ||||||
| 27 | ||||||
| 28 | ||||||
| 29 | ||||||
| 30 |
Explanation of Columns:
- Day of Cycle: The day number in your menstrual cycle, starting from Day 1, which is the first day of menstruation.
- Date: The actual calendar date corresponding to that day in your cycle.
- Cervical Mucus Observation: Record the type of mucus observed (e.g., dry, sticky, creamy, wet, egg white). You can also describe its color and consistency.
- Sensation: Note how the mucus feels throughout the day (e.g., dry, damp, slippery).
- Bleeding: Mark if there is any bleeding, such as menstruation or spotting.
- Intercourse: Record whether intercourse took place on that day. This helps in understanding the correlation between intercourse and fertility signs.
- Notes: Any additional observations, such as stress, illness, diet changes, or other factors that might affect your cycle. You can also note emotional states or other physical symptoms like cramps or breast tenderness.
How to Use This Table
- Daily Recording: Each day, record your observations in the appropriate row. This will help you build a clear picture of your cycle over time.
- Review Patterns: At the end of the cycle, review the entire table to identify patterns, such as the days when fertile mucus appeared and the day of ovulation.
- Consult: If you’re using this method for family planning, consult with a trained Billings Ovulation Method instructor to ensure you’re interpreting your observations correctly.
This table can be printed out and used manually or recreated digitally in a spreadsheet application like Excel, Google Sheets, or Numbers.
Online resources
Here are some online resources that provide in-depth information, training, and support for individuals and couples interested in deepening their understanding of the Billings Ovulation Method:
1. WOOMB International
- Website: woombinternational.org
- Description: The World Organisation of the Ovulation Method Billings (WOOMB) is the global authority on the Billings Ovulation Method. Their website offers a wealth of resources, including online courses, instructional materials, research articles, and directories of certified teachers worldwide. They also provide a free introductory course on the method.
2. The Billings Ovulation Method Association of America (BOMA-USA)
- Website: boma-usa.org
- Description: BOMA-USA is dedicated to promoting the Billings Ovulation Method in the United States. Their website includes resources for learning the method, finding certified instructors, and accessing user-friendly charts and apps. They also offer online webinars and a subscription to their newsletter for ongoing support and information.
3. Fertility Pinpoint
- Website: fertilitypinpoint.com
- Description: Fertility Pinpoint provides a digital platform for tracking fertility using the Billings Ovulation Method. It offers a user-friendly app that helps women record and analyze their fertility signs, as well as access to educational materials and articles on fertility awareness.
4. Natural Fertility NZ
- Website: naturalfertility.co.nz
- Description: This New Zealand-based organization provides information and resources on the Billings Ovulation Method, including online courses and personalized consultations. They also offer free downloadable charts and a comprehensive guide to understanding the method.
5. FEMM Health (Fertility Education & Medical Management)
- Website: femmhealth.org
- Description: FEMM offers education and support for women’s reproductive health using evidence-based methods like the Billings Ovulation Method. Their platform includes a range of educational resources, an app for cycle tracking, and access to a network of FEMM-trained medical professionals.
6. FertilityCare Centers of America
- Website: fertilitycare.org
- Description: Although focused on the Creighton Model (another natural family planning method), FertilityCare Centers of America offers resources that can complement learning about the Billings Ovulation Method. They provide educational articles, training programs, and a directory of certified practitioners.
7. Natural Family Planning International (NFPI)
- Website: nfpandmore.org
- Description: NFPI offers free and low-cost resources for learning various natural family planning methods, including the Billings Ovulation Method. Their website provides a detailed manual, online course, and additional readings for those seeking to deepen their knowledge.
8. La Leche League International (LLLI)
- Website: llli.org
- Description: While La Leche League primarily focuses on breastfeeding support, they also provide information on natural family planning methods like the Billings Ovulation Method, particularly in the context of postpartum fertility. Their resources include articles, guides, and access to local support groups.
9. Billings LIFE: The Australian Resource Centre for the Billings Ovulation Method
- Website: thebillingsovulationmethod.org
- Description: This Australian-based resource center offers extensive information on the Billings Ovulation Method, including instructional videos, online learning modules, and access to trained educators. The site also features a blog with up-to-date research and testimonials from users.
10. Couple to Couple League (CCL)
- Website: ccli.org
- Description: CCL is a Catholic organization that teaches natural family planning, including the Billings Ovulation Method. They offer online courses, local classes, and a variety of materials to help couples learn and practice the method. Their approach includes a strong community support network.
These resources provide comprehensive support and education for anyone interested in using or teaching the Billings Ovulation Method. Whether you’re a beginner or seeking to deepen your knowledge, these sites offer valuable tools and connections to help you along the way.
The Billings Ovulation Method is fundamentally rooted in understanding the natural rhythms of a woman’s body, particularly the changes in cervical mucus that signal fertility. It’s true that hormonal balance plays a crucial role in a woman’s reproductive health and overall well-being. However, linking this to complex social issues such as sexual violence, including the rape of young women, requires careful consideration and a nuanced approach.
Hormonal Balance and Its Impact
Hormonal balance is essential for regulating the menstrual cycle, affecting everything from mood and energy levels to physical health and fertility. A well-functioning hormonal system can lead to a sense of well-being and, in some cases, may even influence sexual attraction and behavior in relationships.
In the context of the Billings Ovulation Method, couples often report a greater awareness of these cycles, which can lead to better communication and a deeper understanding of each other’s needs. Some couples find that this awareness enhances intimacy and attraction, particularly when they align their sexual activity with natural fertility signs.
Hormonal Imbalance and Its Effects
On the other hand, hormonal imbalances can occur due to various factors such as stress, poor diet, environmental toxins, or medical conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). When a woman experiences hormonal imbalance, it can lead to irregular cycles, mood swings, and other physical symptoms. In some cases, this imbalance might affect libido or the quality of relationships, but it does not directly cause violent behaviors such as rape.
Understanding the Complexity of Sexual Violence
Sexual violence, including the rape of young women, is a severe and complex issue that is influenced by many factors—cultural, social, psychological, and legal. It’s essential to recognize that sexual violence is primarily a crime of power and control rather than an issue stemming from hormonal imbalances or sexual attraction.
The idea that hormonal desynchronization or imbalance in women could lead to increased instances of sexual violence is not supported by scientific evidence. Instead, research shows that sexual violence is deeply rooted in societal issues, such as gender inequality, lack of education, poverty, and the perpetuation of harmful stereotypes about masculinity and femininity.
The Role of Education and Awareness
One of the most critical steps in preventing sexual violence is education—teaching both men and women about consent, respect, and healthy relationships. This includes understanding that attraction and sexual activity are natural parts of human life, but they must always occur within the context of mutual consent and respect.
Empowering Women Through Fertility Awareness
The Billings Ovulation Method and other fertility awareness-based methods can empower women by giving them knowledge and control over their reproductive health. This empowerment can extend beyond just physical health, fostering greater self-esteem, and confidence, which can help women assert their rights and boundaries in all aspects of life, including relationships.
Conclusion
While hormonal balance is indeed important for individual health and well-being, it’s critical to separate this concept from the causes of sexual violence. Addressing the root causes of sexual violence requires a broad societal effort, including education, legal reform, and the promotion of gender equality. The Billings Ovulation Method, by promoting body awareness and mutual respect in relationships, can be one positive tool in this larger effort, but it is not a solution to the problem of sexual violence.
If you are exploring these topics with others, it’s essential to approach them with sensitivity and an understanding of the broader societal and cultural factors at play.
